viable/strict/1789811432: [distributed] Resolve checkpoint test futures without sleeping (#197638)

发生了什么

The Future-state-dict test creates a worker thread solely to delay a result by 100ms. Pass an unresolved Future to write(), then resolve it explicitly. Retain the checkpoint-file assertion without the sleeping executor. Test plan: CPU source build, targeted lint, and all 15 checkpoint-process tests pass. The targeted test also passes on the existing CUDA build. Pull Request resolved: #197638 Approved by: https://git…

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